Bridge+Project

=**The San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge **=



 Bridges: is a link or connection between two objects, usually places either side of an obstacle, such as a river, chasm, or estuary. Bridges are technological tools that aim to solve the problem of crossing an obstacle in such a way as to cut down the effort and time needed to do so.

 types of bridges


 * **Arch Bridge :**The essence of an arch is that ideally there should be no tendency for it to bend, except under live loads. The entire arch is in compression. The compression is transferred into the abutments, and ultimately resisted by tension in the ground under the arch.


 * **Beam Bridges**: The design is as simple as a single rigid 'beam', resting on supports at either end and unsupported in the middle. The weight of the beam, and of any traffic on it, is carried directly to the ground by the supports, often called 'piers' in the trade.


 * **Cable-Stayed Bridge****:**consist of one or more columns (normally referred to as towers or pylons), with cables supporting the bridge deck The cables are in tension, and the deck is in compression.


 * **Cantilever Bridge**: A cantilever bridge is a bridge built using cantilevers structures that project horizontally into space, supported on only one end. As with the beam, the bending stresses and shear stresses vary throughout the structure.


 * **Suspension Bridge**:A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders.The suspension cables must be anchored at each end of the bridge, since any load applied to the bridge is transformed into a tension in these main cables.


 * **Truss Bridge:** A truss bridge is a bridge composed of connected elements (typically straight) which may be stressed from tension, compression, or sometimes both in response to dynamic loads.

The **Golden Gate Bridge** is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening of the San Francisco Bay into the Pacific Ocean. As part of both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1, the structure links the city of San Francisco, on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula, to Marin County. It is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco, California, and of the United States. It has been declared one of the modern Wonders of the World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The Frommers travel guide considers the Golden Gate Bridge "possibly the most beautiful, certainly the most photographed, bridge in the world"

the Golden Gate bridge is made of steel and its main purpose is a highway to connect San Francisco to Marin county, before the bridge was built the only way to leave San Francisco by the north side was by boat.

The technology involved in its construction: This Bridge has cables suspended between towers, plus vertical suspender cables that carry the weight of the deck below, upon which traffic crosses.

The designers and engineers involved in the construction of this bridge were J.B. Strauss, I.F. Morrow, O.H. Ammann, C. Derleth Jr., L.S. Moisseiff, R.G. Cone.

Advantages: <span style="color: #008080; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; text-align: justify;">Disadvantages: media type="youtube" key="YOMwhfhNH2A" height="377" width="504" align="center"
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The structure links the city of San Francisco, on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula, to Marin County.
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The bridge is popular with pedestrians and bicyclists as well as cars, and was built with walkways on either side of the bridge
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">it let that the supplies of food and traded goods can get across an obstacle or through difficult terrain in a shorter time.
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> The cost and maintenance
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The suicides. More people die by suicide at the Golden Gate Bridge than at any other site in the world.
 * <span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The wind conditions. Since its completion, the Golden Gate Bridge has been closed due to weather conditions three times because the winds speed